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Émilie du Châtelet
Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, marquise du Châtelet (; 17 December 1706 – 10 September 1749) was a French mathematician, physicist, and author during the Age of Enlightenment. Her most celebrated achievement is considered to be her translation and commentary on Isaac Newton's work ''Principia Mathematica''. The translation, published posthumously in 1759, is still considered the standard French translation. Her commentary includes a profound contribution to Newtonian mechanics—the postulate of an additional conservation law for total energy, of which kinetic energy of motion is one element.
Voltaire, one of her lovers, declared in a letter to his friend King Frederick II of Prussia that du Châtelet was "a great man whose only fault was being a woman".〔〔Hamel (1910: 370)〕 She was also romantically linked with two other influential philosophers of the period, Pierre-Louis Moreau de Maupertuis (1698–1759) and Julien Offray de La Mettrie (1709–1751).〔Jonathan I. Israel (Enlightenment Contested, 2006: 795–796)〕
==Biography==
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